| Authors |
- Researchers or professionals in the discipline
- Authors identified
- Credentials and institutional affiliation provided
|
- Journalists or writers
- Authors may or may not be identified
- May or may not be subject specialists
|
| Audience |
- Scholars, researchers, and students
|
|
| Content |
- Detailed reports, often of original research
|
- General coverage of current topics or popular interests
- May include personal opinions (editorials)
|
| Language |
- Written in the jargon of the discipline for scholarly readers
|
- Written in non-technical language for anyone to understand
|
| Organization |
- Tend to be longer
- Often include abstracts, objectives, literature reviews, methodologies, results, and conclusions
- Non-text elements often limited to tables, charts, or illustrations of subjects
|
- Tend to be shorter; some only 1 or 2 pages long
- Could include illustrations with glossy or color photographs, often for advertising purposes
|
| Publisher |
- Professional organization, university, research institute, or scholarly press
|
- Commercial publishers or companies
|
| References |
- Always have bibliographies and citations
- Most have an extensive list of references
|
- Typically lack references and bibliographies
- If present, may be few in number
|
| Review |
- Articles may be peer-reviewed or refereed
|
- Articles are selected by an editor (not peer-reviewed)
|
| Other |
- Tend to be plain in design, without advertisements
- Issues tend to be successively numbered
- Issues tend to be published less often (monthly, quarterly, semi-annually)
|
- Tend to include color photos, advertisements, graphics, etc.
- Each issue tends to begin with page 1
- Issues tend to be published more frequently (monthly, weekly, daily)
|
| Examples |
- Journal of Environmental Science
- The Chaucer Review
- Journal of Social Work
|
- Newsweek
- Harper's
- New York Times
|
